See worchen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "worchere"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Aukan",
"lang_code": "djk",
"word": "woóko"
},
{
"lang": "Saramaccan",
"lang_code": "srm",
"word": "woóko"
},
{
"lang": "Kari'na",
"lang_code": "car",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "woroko"
},
{
"lang": "Trió",
"lang_code": "tri",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "oroko"
},
{
"lang": "Trió",
"lang_code": "tri",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "joroko"
}
],
"lang": "Sranan Tongo",
"lang_code": "srn",
"word": "wroko"
},
{
"lang": "Cantonese",
"lang_code": "yue",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "work"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "work"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "wirk"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "wark"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "work"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "wirk"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"tags": [
"preterite"
],
"word": "woorkt"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"wyrċan",
"wyrcan#Old_English"
],
[
"*wurkijan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/wurkijan"
],
[
"*wurkijaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wurkijaną"
],
[
"*wr̥ǵyéti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wr̥ǵyéti"
],
[
"*wirkijan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/wirkijan"
],
[
"*wirkijaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wirkijaną"
],
[
"werk",
"werk#Middle_English"
],
[
"-en",
"-en#Middle_English:_infinitival"
],
[
"werk",
"werk#Middle_English"
],
[
"wyrcst",
"wyrcst#Old_English"
],
[
"wyrcþ",
"wyrcþ#Old_English"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ang:wyrċan"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*wurkijaną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*wurkijan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"work\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"work\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"to make\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"ine-pro\", \"id\" : \"to make\", \"pos\" : \"root\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*werǵ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominalizing suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"redlink\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-om\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*wérǵom\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*werką\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"ine-pro\", \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-janą\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*wirkijaną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"work\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"work\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"gem-pro\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"ine-pro:*wérǵom<id:work>\", \"id\" : \"work\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*werką\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*werk\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"gem-pro\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"ine-pro:*-yéti<id:intransitive verbs>\", \"id\" : \"denominative\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-janą\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-jan\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"By surface analysis,\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\", \"is_invisible\" : \"tree\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*wirkijan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"wyrċan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"worchen\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"worchen\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "wyrċan",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English wyrċan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "wyrċan"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English wyrċan",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*wurkijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *wurkijan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*wurkijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wurkijaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wr̥ǵyéti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wr̥ǵyéti",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*wirkijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *wirkijan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*wirkijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wirkijaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "werk",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix",
"t1": "action, labour"
},
"expansion": "werk (“action, labour”) + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English wyrċan, from a combination of Proto-West Germanic *wurkijan (from Proto-Germanic *wurkijaną, from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥ǵyéti) and Proto-West Germanic *wirkijan (from Proto-Germanic *wirkijaną); roughly equivalent to werk (“action, labour”) + -en (infinitival suffix).\nForms with /ɛ/ reflect both the East Anglian, East Saxon, and Kentish development of Old English /y/ and influence from the noun werk (also evident in forms with /k/, though these could be generalised from the Old English singular present indicative forms wyrcst, wyrcþ).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "worcheth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "worchynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "wroghte",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wroght",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "irregular weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "worchen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to worchen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "worche",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "worche",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wroghte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "worchest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wroghtest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "worcheth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wroghte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "worche",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "wroghte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "worche",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "worchen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "worche",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "wroghten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wroghte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "worcheth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "worche",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "worchynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "worchende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "wroght",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ywroght",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "werche",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "werchen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "werke",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "werken",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "wirche",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "wirchen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "worche",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "wourche",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "wurche",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "werechen",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "weorche",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "wurchen",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "wirrkenn",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Ormulum"
]
},
{
"form": "wark",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "warke",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "wyrch",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "wyrche",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "warkyn",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"East-Anglia"
]
},
{
"form": "werkyn",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"East-Anglia"
]
},
{
"form": "wirk",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern",
"especially"
]
},
{
"form": "wirke",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern",
"especially"
]
},
{
"form": "wyrk",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern",
"especially"
]
},
{
"form": "wyrke",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern",
"especially"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "worchen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "worcheth",
"2": "worchynge",
"3": "wroghte",
"4": "wroght"
},
"expansion": "worchen (third-person singular simple present worcheth, present participle worchynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative wroghte, past participle wroght)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "worch",
"2": "wroght",
"c": "irr"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 6 5 3 3 5 15 4 4 6 3 6 7 13 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 5 5 4 4 4 19 5 3 5 3 4 6 14 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 7 5 3 4 5 13 5 4 6 4 6 8 11 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 3 4 3 3 3 18 3 4 6 4 6 4 15 3 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 2 2 2 2 2 26 2 2 4 2 4 2 22 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 2 2 2 2 2 26 2 2 3 2 3 2 23 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 3 3 3 3 3 18 3 4 5 3 5 3 16 2 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 4 4 7 4 5 13 4 4 10 4 6 4 11 3 4",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Buildings and structures",
"orig": "enm:Buildings and structures",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 3 4 3 4 3 14 3 9 6 3 6 4 12 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Crafts",
"orig": "enm:Crafts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 4 2 0 1 1 22 7 1 2 1 1 2 20 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Human behaviour",
"orig": "enm:Human behaviour",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 0 11 0 0 0 11 2 12 13 13 4 4 10 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Work",
"orig": "enm:Work",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 5 7 3 6 4 6 6 8 10 8 7 6 5 3 4",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Writing",
"orig": "enm:Writing",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
114,
121
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
116,
123
]
],
"english": "And Lucifer lies the lowest of all of them, / due to the pride he displayed, his pain is unending; / and anyone who commits wrongdoing will go / after their dying day and dwell with that devil.",
"ref": "c. 1370, [William Langland], “[Passus 1]”, in Petrus plowmon (V, A-text), Worcestershire, published c. 1390, folio 395, verso, column 1; republished as Bodleian Library MS. Eng. poet. a. 1, Oxford: Digital Bodleian, 10 January 2019:",
"text": "¶ Bote Lucıfer louweſt. liȝþ of hem alle. / ffoꝛ pꝛuide þᵗ he put out. his peyne haþ non ende. / And alle þᵗ wrong woꝛchen. wende þei schulen / After heoꝛe deþ day. and dwellen wᵗ þat schrewe.",
"translation": "And Lucifer lies the lowest of all of them, / due to the pride he displayed, his pain is unending; / and anyone who commits wrongdoing will go / after their dying day and dwell with that devil.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To perform or accomplish: to carry out:",
"To cause or bring about; to put into effect."
],
"id": "en-worchen-enm-verb-I-dIAG9o",
"links": [
[
"perform",
"perform"
],
[
"accomplish",
"accomplish"
],
[
"carry out",
"carry out"
],
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"bring about",
"bring about"
],
[
"put",
"put"
],
[
"effect",
"effect"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
13,
20
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
14,
22
]
],
"english": "But those who practice the precepts that Holy Scripture teaches / and finish [life] with praiseworthy deeds, as I previously said, / can be certain that their souls will [ascend] to Heaven.",
"ref": "c. 1370, [William Langland], “[Passus 1]”, in Petrus plowmon (V, A-text), Worcestershire, published c. 1390, folio 395, verso, column 1; republished as Bodleian Library MS. Eng. poet. a. 1, Oxford: Digital Bodleian, 10 January 2019:",
"text": "¶ Ac heo þat woꝛchen þᵗ woꝛd. þat holi writ techeþ. / And endeþ as Ich er ſeide. in ꝓfitable werkes. / Mouwen be siker þat heoꝛe ſoules. ſchullẽ to heuene.",
"translation": "But those who practice the precepts that Holy Scripture teaches / and finish [life] with praiseworthy deeds, as I previously said, / can be certain that their souls will [ascend] to Heaven.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To perform or accomplish: to carry out:",
"To practice or maintain; to perform habitually."
],
"id": "en-worchen-enm-verb-2~6YtZBX",
"links": [
[
"perform",
"perform"
],
[
"accomplish",
"accomplish"
],
[
"carry out",
"carry out"
],
[
"practice",
"practice"
],
[
"maintain",
"maintain"
],
[
"perform",
"perform"
],
[
"habitually",
"habitually"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To create or generate; to bring into existence:",
"To produce; to create a product, preparation, or work."
],
"id": "en-worchen-enm-verb-BYwu~hru",
"links": [
[
"create",
"create"
],
[
"generate",
"generate"
],
[
"bring",
"bring"
],
[
"existence",
"existence"
],
[
"produce",
"produce"
],
[
"create",
"create"
],
[
"product",
"product"
],
[
"preparation",
"preparation"
],
[
"work",
"work"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To create or generate; to bring into existence:",
"To build or erect; to create a structure."
],
"id": "en-worchen-enm-verb-2N8vgmB7",
"links": [
[
"create",
"create"
],
[
"generate",
"generate"
],
[
"bring",
"bring"
],
[
"existence",
"existence"
],
[
"build",
"build"
],
[
"erect",
"erect"
],
[
"create",
"create"
],
[
"structure",
"structure"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To create or generate; to bring into existence:",
"To adorn, depict, or inscribe."
],
"id": "en-worchen-enm-verb-0-tARF6R",
"links": [
[
"create",
"create"
],
[
"generate",
"generate"
],
[
"bring",
"bring"
],
[
"existence",
"existence"
],
[
"adorn",
"adorn"
],
[
"depict",
"depict"
],
[
"inscribe",
"inscribe"
]
],
"qualifier": "passive voice",
"raw_glosses": [
"To create or generate; to bring into existence:",
"(passive voice) To adorn, depict, or inscribe."
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To create or generate; to bring into existence:",
"To institute or form (an institution)"
],
"id": "en-worchen-enm-verb-128Ynvhf",
"links": [
[
"create",
"create"
],
[
"generate",
"generate"
],
[
"bring",
"bring"
],
[
"existence",
"existence"
],
[
"institute",
"institute"
],
[
"form",
"form"
],
[
"institution",
"institution#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To create or generate; to bring into existence:",
"(rare) To institute or form (an institution)"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 6 5 3 3 5 15 4 4 6 3 6 7 13 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 5 5 4 4 4 19 5 3 5 3 4 6 14 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 7 5 3 4 5 13 5 4 6 4 6 8 11 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 3 4 3 3 3 18 3 4 6 4 6 4 15 3 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 2 2 2 2 2 26 2 2 4 2 4 2 22 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 2 2 2 2 2 26 2 2 3 2 3 2 23 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 4 4 7 4 5 13 4 4 10 4 6 4 11 3 4",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Buildings and structures",
"orig": "enm:Buildings and structures",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To act or behave (in a certain way):",
"To affect or influence; to act upon."
],
"id": "en-worchen-enm-verb-zGrd~uGS",
"links": [
[
"act",
"act"
],
[
"behave",
"behave"
],
[
"certain",
"certain#English"
],
[
"way",
"way#English"
],
[
"affect",
"affect"
],
[
"influence",
"influence"
],
[
"act",
"act"
],
[
"upon",
"upon"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To act or behave (in a certain way):",
"To operate; to be efficacious or effective."
],
"id": "en-worchen-enm-verb-FaYo51i2",
"links": [
[
"act",
"act"
],
[
"behave",
"behave"
],
[
"certain",
"certain#English"
],
[
"way",
"way#English"
],
[
"operate",
"operate"
],
[
"efficacious",
"efficacious"
],
[
"effective",
"effective"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To toil or labour (usually physically):",
"To work in a craft, discipline, or occupation."
],
"id": "en-worchen-enm-verb-vnq30D9O",
"links": [
[
"toil",
"toil"
],
[
"labour",
"labour"
],
[
"physically",
"physically#English"
],
[
"work",
"work"
],
[
"craft",
"craft"
],
[
"discipline",
"discipline"
],
[
"occupation",
"occupation"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To toil or labour (usually physically):",
"To work on (a structure or excavation)"
],
"id": "en-worchen-enm-verb-ue2cyznM",
"links": [
[
"toil",
"toil"
],
[
"labour",
"labour"
],
[
"physically",
"physically#English"
],
[
"work",
"work"
],
[
"on",
"on"
],
[
"structure",
"structure#English"
],
[
"excavation",
"excavation#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To toil or labour (usually physically):",
"To work with; to manipulate or process."
],
"id": "en-worchen-enm-verb-BLgndT~A",
"links": [
[
"toil",
"toil"
],
[
"labour",
"labour"
],
[
"physically",
"physically#English"
],
[
"work",
"work"
],
[
"with",
"with"
],
[
"manipulate",
"manipulate"
],
[
"process",
"process"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Sex",
"orig": "enm:Sex",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To toil or labour (usually physically):",
"To have sex; to copulate."
],
"id": "en-worchen-enm-verb-VvdKbGfY",
"links": [
[
"toil",
"toil"
],
[
"labour",
"labour"
],
[
"physically",
"physically#English"
],
[
"have",
"have"
],
[
"sex",
"sex"
],
[
"copulate",
"copulate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To toil or labour (usually physically):",
"(uncommon) To have sex; to copulate."
],
"tags": [
"uncommon"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 8 11 11 11 11 1 11 2 1 1 1 28 2 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Mathematics",
"orig": "enm:Mathematics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To toil or labour (usually physically):",
"To calculate; to perform arithmetic."
],
"id": "en-worchen-enm-verb-jmmeg--N",
"links": [
[
"toil",
"toil"
],
[
"labour",
"labour"
],
[
"physically",
"physically#English"
],
[
"calculate",
"calculate"
],
[
"perform",
"perform"
],
[
"arithmetic",
"arithmetic"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To toil or labour (usually physically):",
"(uncommon) To calculate; to perform arithmetic."
],
"tags": [
"uncommon"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 6 5 3 3 5 15 4 4 6 3 6 7 13 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 5 5 4 4 4 19 5 3 5 3 4 6 14 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 7 5 3 4 5 13 5 4 6 4 6 8 11 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 3 4 3 3 3 18 3 4 6 4 6 4 15 3 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 2 2 2 2 2 26 2 2 4 2 4 2 22 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 2 2 2 2 2 26 2 2 3 2 3 2 23 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 4 4 7 4 5 13 4 4 10 4 6 4 11 3 4",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Buildings and structures",
"orig": "enm:Buildings and structures",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To convert or change; to make into another thing."
],
"id": "en-worchen-enm-verb-8IiMpXr7",
"links": [
[
"convert",
"convert"
],
[
"change",
"change"
],
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"another",
"another"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To harass or afflict; to cause trouble to."
],
"id": "en-worchen-enm-verb-MS6LeUp9",
"links": [
[
"harass",
"harass"
],
[
"afflict",
"afflict"
],
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To harass or afflict; to cause trouble to."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To utilise or employ; to put into use."
],
"id": "en-worchen-enm-verb-o-Vco7Xq",
"links": [
[
"utilise",
"utilise"
],
[
"employ",
"employ"
],
[
"put",
"put"
],
[
"use",
"use"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To utilise or employ; to put into use."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈwurt͡ʃən/",
"note": "mainly Southern, South Midland"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈwirt͡ʃən/",
"note": "mainly South Midland"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈwɛrt͡ʃən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈwɛrkən/",
"note": "especially East Anglia, East Saxon, Kent"
},
{
"ipa": "/wirk/",
"note": "mainly Northern, Northeast Midland"
}
],
"word": "worchen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with etymon",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English irregular weak verbs",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *werǵ-",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"enm:Buildings and structures",
"enm:Crafts",
"enm:Human behaviour",
"enm:Mathematics",
"enm:Sex",
"enm:Work",
"enm:Writing"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "worchere"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Aukan",
"lang_code": "djk",
"word": "woóko"
},
{
"lang": "Saramaccan",
"lang_code": "srm",
"word": "woóko"
},
{
"lang": "Kari'na",
"lang_code": "car",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "woroko"
},
{
"lang": "Trió",
"lang_code": "tri",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "oroko"
},
{
"lang": "Trió",
"lang_code": "tri",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "joroko"
}
],
"lang": "Sranan Tongo",
"lang_code": "srn",
"word": "wroko"
},
{
"lang": "Cantonese",
"lang_code": "yue",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "work"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "work"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "wirk"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "wark"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "work"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "wirk"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"tags": [
"preterite"
],
"word": "woorkt"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"wyrċan",
"wyrcan#Old_English"
],
[
"*wurkijan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/wurkijan"
],
[
"*wurkijaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wurkijaną"
],
[
"*wr̥ǵyéti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wr̥ǵyéti"
],
[
"*wirkijan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/wirkijan"
],
[
"*wirkijaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wirkijaną"
],
[
"werk",
"werk#Middle_English"
],
[
"-en",
"-en#Middle_English:_infinitival"
],
[
"werk",
"werk#Middle_English"
],
[
"wyrcst",
"wyrcst#Old_English"
],
[
"wyrcþ",
"wyrcþ#Old_English"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ang:wyrċan"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*wurkijaną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*wurkijan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"work\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"work\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"to make\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"ine-pro\", \"id\" : \"to make\", \"pos\" : \"root\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*werǵ-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominalizing suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"redlink\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-om\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*wérǵom\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*werką\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"ine-pro\", \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-janą\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*wirkijaną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"work\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"work\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"gem-pro\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"ine-pro:*wérǵom<id:work>\", \"id\" : \"work\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*werką\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*werk\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"gem-pro\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"ine-pro:*-yéti<id:intransitive verbs>\", \"id\" : \"denominative\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-janą\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-jan\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"By surface analysis,\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\", \"is_invisible\" : \"tree\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*wirkijan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"wyrċan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"worchen\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"worchen\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "wyrċan",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English wyrċan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "wyrċan"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English wyrċan",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*wurkijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *wurkijan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*wurkijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wurkijaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wr̥ǵyéti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wr̥ǵyéti",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*wirkijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *wirkijan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*wirkijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wirkijaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "werk",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix",
"t1": "action, labour"
},
"expansion": "werk (“action, labour”) + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English wyrċan, from a combination of Proto-West Germanic *wurkijan (from Proto-Germanic *wurkijaną, from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥ǵyéti) and Proto-West Germanic *wirkijan (from Proto-Germanic *wirkijaną); roughly equivalent to werk (“action, labour”) + -en (infinitival suffix).\nForms with /ɛ/ reflect both the East Anglian, East Saxon, and Kentish development of Old English /y/ and influence from the noun werk (also evident in forms with /k/, though these could be generalised from the Old English singular present indicative forms wyrcst, wyrcþ).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "worcheth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "worchynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "wroghte",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wroght",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "irregular weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "worchen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to worchen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "worche",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "worche",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wroghte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "worchest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wroghtest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "worcheth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wroghte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "worche",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "wroghte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "worche",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "worchen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "worche",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "wroghten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wroghte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "worcheth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "worche",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "worchynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "worchende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "wroght",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ywroght",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "werche",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "werchen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "werke",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "werken",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "wirche",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "wirchen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "worche",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "wourche",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "wurche",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "werechen",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "weorche",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "wurchen",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "wirrkenn",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Ormulum"
]
},
{
"form": "wark",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "warke",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "wyrch",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "wyrche",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "warkyn",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"East-Anglia"
]
},
{
"form": "werkyn",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"East-Anglia"
]
},
{
"form": "wirk",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern",
"especially"
]
},
{
"form": "wirke",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern",
"especially"
]
},
{
"form": "wyrk",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern",
"especially"
]
},
{
"form": "wyrke",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern",
"especially"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "worchen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "worcheth",
"2": "worchynge",
"3": "wroghte",
"4": "wroght"
},
"expansion": "worchen (third-person singular simple present worcheth, present participle worchynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative wroghte, past participle wroght)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "worch",
"2": "wroght",
"c": "irr"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
114,
121
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
116,
123
]
],
"english": "And Lucifer lies the lowest of all of them, / due to the pride he displayed, his pain is unending; / and anyone who commits wrongdoing will go / after their dying day and dwell with that devil.",
"ref": "c. 1370, [William Langland], “[Passus 1]”, in Petrus plowmon (V, A-text), Worcestershire, published c. 1390, folio 395, verso, column 1; republished as Bodleian Library MS. Eng. poet. a. 1, Oxford: Digital Bodleian, 10 January 2019:",
"text": "¶ Bote Lucıfer louweſt. liȝþ of hem alle. / ffoꝛ pꝛuide þᵗ he put out. his peyne haþ non ende. / And alle þᵗ wrong woꝛchen. wende þei schulen / After heoꝛe deþ day. and dwellen wᵗ þat schrewe.",
"translation": "And Lucifer lies the lowest of all of them, / due to the pride he displayed, his pain is unending; / and anyone who commits wrongdoing will go / after their dying day and dwell with that devil.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To perform or accomplish: to carry out:",
"To cause or bring about; to put into effect."
],
"links": [
[
"perform",
"perform"
],
[
"accomplish",
"accomplish"
],
[
"carry out",
"carry out"
],
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"bring about",
"bring about"
],
[
"put",
"put"
],
[
"effect",
"effect"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
13,
20
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
14,
22
]
],
"english": "But those who practice the precepts that Holy Scripture teaches / and finish [life] with praiseworthy deeds, as I previously said, / can be certain that their souls will [ascend] to Heaven.",
"ref": "c. 1370, [William Langland], “[Passus 1]”, in Petrus plowmon (V, A-text), Worcestershire, published c. 1390, folio 395, verso, column 1; republished as Bodleian Library MS. Eng. poet. a. 1, Oxford: Digital Bodleian, 10 January 2019:",
"text": "¶ Ac heo þat woꝛchen þᵗ woꝛd. þat holi writ techeþ. / And endeþ as Ich er ſeide. in ꝓfitable werkes. / Mouwen be siker þat heoꝛe ſoules. ſchullẽ to heuene.",
"translation": "But those who practice the precepts that Holy Scripture teaches / and finish [life] with praiseworthy deeds, as I previously said, / can be certain that their souls will [ascend] to Heaven.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To perform or accomplish: to carry out:",
"To practice or maintain; to perform habitually."
],
"links": [
[
"perform",
"perform"
],
[
"accomplish",
"accomplish"
],
[
"carry out",
"carry out"
],
[
"practice",
"practice"
],
[
"maintain",
"maintain"
],
[
"perform",
"perform"
],
[
"habitually",
"habitually"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To create or generate; to bring into existence:",
"To produce; to create a product, preparation, or work."
],
"links": [
[
"create",
"create"
],
[
"generate",
"generate"
],
[
"bring",
"bring"
],
[
"existence",
"existence"
],
[
"produce",
"produce"
],
[
"create",
"create"
],
[
"product",
"product"
],
[
"preparation",
"preparation"
],
[
"work",
"work"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To create or generate; to bring into existence:",
"To build or erect; to create a structure."
],
"links": [
[
"create",
"create"
],
[
"generate",
"generate"
],
[
"bring",
"bring"
],
[
"existence",
"existence"
],
[
"build",
"build"
],
[
"erect",
"erect"
],
[
"create",
"create"
],
[
"structure",
"structure"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To create or generate; to bring into existence:",
"To adorn, depict, or inscribe."
],
"links": [
[
"create",
"create"
],
[
"generate",
"generate"
],
[
"bring",
"bring"
],
[
"existence",
"existence"
],
[
"adorn",
"adorn"
],
[
"depict",
"depict"
],
[
"inscribe",
"inscribe"
]
],
"qualifier": "passive voice",
"raw_glosses": [
"To create or generate; to bring into existence:",
"(passive voice) To adorn, depict, or inscribe."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To create or generate; to bring into existence:",
"To institute or form (an institution)"
],
"links": [
[
"create",
"create"
],
[
"generate",
"generate"
],
[
"bring",
"bring"
],
[
"existence",
"existence"
],
[
"institute",
"institute"
],
[
"form",
"form"
],
[
"institution",
"institution#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To create or generate; to bring into existence:",
"(rare) To institute or form (an institution)"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To act or behave (in a certain way):",
"To affect or influence; to act upon."
],
"links": [
[
"act",
"act"
],
[
"behave",
"behave"
],
[
"certain",
"certain#English"
],
[
"way",
"way#English"
],
[
"affect",
"affect"
],
[
"influence",
"influence"
],
[
"act",
"act"
],
[
"upon",
"upon"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To act or behave (in a certain way):",
"To operate; to be efficacious or effective."
],
"links": [
[
"act",
"act"
],
[
"behave",
"behave"
],
[
"certain",
"certain#English"
],
[
"way",
"way#English"
],
[
"operate",
"operate"
],
[
"efficacious",
"efficacious"
],
[
"effective",
"effective"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To toil or labour (usually physically):",
"To work in a craft, discipline, or occupation."
],
"links": [
[
"toil",
"toil"
],
[
"labour",
"labour"
],
[
"physically",
"physically#English"
],
[
"work",
"work"
],
[
"craft",
"craft"
],
[
"discipline",
"discipline"
],
[
"occupation",
"occupation"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To toil or labour (usually physically):",
"To work on (a structure or excavation)"
],
"links": [
[
"toil",
"toil"
],
[
"labour",
"labour"
],
[
"physically",
"physically#English"
],
[
"work",
"work"
],
[
"on",
"on"
],
[
"structure",
"structure#English"
],
[
"excavation",
"excavation#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To toil or labour (usually physically):",
"To work with; to manipulate or process."
],
"links": [
[
"toil",
"toil"
],
[
"labour",
"labour"
],
[
"physically",
"physically#English"
],
[
"work",
"work"
],
[
"with",
"with"
],
[
"manipulate",
"manipulate"
],
[
"process",
"process"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with uncommon senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To toil or labour (usually physically):",
"To have sex; to copulate."
],
"links": [
[
"toil",
"toil"
],
[
"labour",
"labour"
],
[
"physically",
"physically#English"
],
[
"have",
"have"
],
[
"sex",
"sex"
],
[
"copulate",
"copulate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To toil or labour (usually physically):",
"(uncommon) To have sex; to copulate."
],
"tags": [
"uncommon"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with uncommon senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To toil or labour (usually physically):",
"To calculate; to perform arithmetic."
],
"links": [
[
"toil",
"toil"
],
[
"labour",
"labour"
],
[
"physically",
"physically#English"
],
[
"calculate",
"calculate"
],
[
"perform",
"perform"
],
[
"arithmetic",
"arithmetic"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To toil or labour (usually physically):",
"(uncommon) To calculate; to perform arithmetic."
],
"tags": [
"uncommon"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To convert or change; to make into another thing."
],
"links": [
[
"convert",
"convert"
],
[
"change",
"change"
],
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"another",
"another"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To harass or afflict; to cause trouble to."
],
"links": [
[
"harass",
"harass"
],
[
"afflict",
"afflict"
],
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To harass or afflict; to cause trouble to."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To utilise or employ; to put into use."
],
"links": [
[
"utilise",
"utilise"
],
[
"employ",
"employ"
],
[
"put",
"put"
],
[
"use",
"use"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To utilise or employ; to put into use."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈwurt͡ʃən/",
"note": "mainly Southern, South Midland"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈwirt͡ʃən/",
"note": "mainly South Midland"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈwɛrt͡ʃən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈwɛrkən/",
"note": "especially East Anglia, East Saxon, Kent"
},
{
"ipa": "/wirk/",
"note": "mainly Northern, Northeast Midland"
}
],
"word": "worchen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for worchen meaning in Middle English (20.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.